Use of the clam Asaphis deflorata as a potential indicator of organochlorine bioaccumulation in Hong Kong coastal sediments     

Shanti Moganti  Bruce J. Richardson  Katherine McClellan  Michael Martin  Paul K.S. Lam  Gene J. Zheng 《Marine pollution bulletin》2008,57(6-12):672

In order to test its ability as a bioaccumulator, the deposit feeding clam Asaphis deflorata, collected from a clean coastal area in Hong Kong (Ding Chau, Ma On Shan), was exposed to field-collected sediments representing a gradient of contamination. Sediments were collected from four sites, namely Shek O in the southeast of Hong Kong Island, Ap Lei Chau in Aberdeen district, Tai Kok Tsui in the Mong Kok waterfront, and To Kwa Wan near Kowloon City pier. Shek O was the cleanest and To Kwa Wan was the most polluted site. Replicate 30 L fiberglass tanks containing equal numbers of organisms were maintained for 28 days, with equal quantities of sediment and filtered seawater. Prior to this the animals were depurated for 10 days in clean sediment. During the 28-day holding period, sampling of both sediment and clams was performed on days 0, 10 and 28, along with condition index measurements. Concentrations of organochlorine pesticides and PCBs in sediments showed that Shek O was the cleanest of the sites, followed by Ap Lei Chau, Tai Kok Tsui and To Kwa Wan. There were marked differences among the sites, especially in PAH concentrations, with To Kwa Wan showing extremely high sediment concentrations.Following exposure, the biota concentrations of various organochlorine pesticides and PCBs suggested that there was sediment concentration-dependent accumulation by A. deflorata on day 10 of the experiment. However, there was no significant increase on day 28 for any of the compounds tested. Contaminant concentrations in clams feeding on Shek O sediments were minimal and almost the same on all sampling days, indicating the presence of only baseline contaminant concentrations. The condition indices (CI) of the clams on various sampling days showed that the animals were relatively more stable in sediment from Shek O. There were some deaths in all the test tanks (including those containing Shek O sediments). In addition, clams appeared to bury faster in the cleaner Shek O sediment and remained buried, unlike those in the sediment from the other locations, where some remained predominantly on the surface. Nevertheless, despite not completely burying, the clams in other test sediments still exhibited sediment concentration-dependent tissue accumulation. The results of the investigation indicate the possibility of developing a standard test protocol for bioaccumulation by sediment dwelling invertebrates, for practical use in Hong Kong, using A. deflorata.  相似文献   

北京官厅水库-永定河水系水体中持久性有机氯农药污染   总被引：46，自引：1，他引：45  

康跃惠  刘培斌  王子健  吕怡兵  李其军 《湖泊科学》2003,15(2):125-132

报道了官厅水库-永定河水系中持久性有机氯农药的污染水平,研究发现在水体中存在六六六(HCHs), 滴滴涕(DDTs), 七氯等在内的有机氯污染物,在所有13个采样点的水样中,18种有机氯农药的浓度为4.2-96.9 ng/L,其中六六六、滴滴涕的含量分别为0.09-53.5ng/L和nd-46.8 ng/L.对污染来源进行分析,发现除了主要是源于历史上农田中有机氯农药的残留外,近期可能有新的农药污染源进入水环境,如林丹和三氯杀螨醇的使用可能造成了新的有机氯农药污染.和国内主要河流相比,官厅水库-永定河水系中有机氯农药的污染属轻度污染.  相似文献   

Extraction of organochlorine pesticides in sediments using soxhlet,ultrasonic and accelerated solvent extraction techniques   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

LANG Yinhai  CAO Zhengmei  and NIE Xinhua College of Environmental Science  Engineering  Ocean University of China  Oingdao  P.R.China Bureau of Environmental Protection of Qingdao  Qingdao  P. R. China 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2005,4(2):173-176

The application of soxhlet, ultrasonic and accelerated solvent extraction techniques to the analysis of six organochlorine pesticides (α-HCH, β-HCH, γ-HCH, o, p'-DDT, p,p'-DDT and p, p'-DDE) in Taihu Lake sediment samples is described. It was found that the limits of quantification ranged from 0.002μgg-1 to 0.004μgg-1, and the recoveries of organochlorine pesticides with the three extraction techniques were acceptable (>80.7%). With a mass selective detector, better results were obtained by accelerated solvent extraction using hexane-acetone (1:1) as compared with soxhlet and ultrasonic extraction. It was shown that the accelerated solvent extraction was the optimum technique for the analysis of organochlorine pesticides in sediments. The general features of the three extraction techniques are also presented.  相似文献   

COMMERCIAL AGRICULTURE AND AGROCHEMICALS IN ALMOLONGA,GUATEMALA*     

SONIA I. ARBONA 《Geographical review》1998,88(1):47-63

ABSTRACT. Large amounts of synthetic pesticides are used in Guatemala to increase the production of nontraditional crops. Almolonga, a township in the western highlands, produces vegetables for markets in Mexico and Central America. Almolongueños make intensive use of limited cultivable land and abundant water resources, as well as sizable amounts of synthetic pesticides. Among Almolongueños, congenital malformations, cancer, anemia, and respiratory infections await substantiated links to exposure to pesticides. The prevalence of infectious and parasitic diseases and nutritional deficiencies—the dominant health concerns—may be heightened by excessive use of pesticides. Public-health initiatives involve the rational use of pesticides or their elimination.  相似文献   

Concentrations and distribution of organochlorine pesticides in shellfish from Changjiang estuary   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

马继臻  沈新强  袁骐  蒋玫 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2008,26(4):388-393

To analyze and evaluate the status of organochlorine pollutants in the Changjiang (Yangtze River) estuary and adjacent waters, the concentrations of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCHs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDTs) in shellfish collected in study area from 2006 to 2007 were determined with gas chromatography (GC). The concentration range of HCHs was (ND-12.13)×10-3 mg/kg wet weight and averaged at 0.54×10-3 mg/kg while the concentration of DDTs was in the range of (4.06-281.73) × 10-3 mg/kg with a mean of 57.52×10-3 mg/kg in the survey areas. The concentrations of DDTs in the shellfish were higher than HCHs', so that DDTs could be considered as typical organochlorine pollutants in the areas. The concentrations of DDTs in the shellfish were higher than HCHs', so that DDTs could be considered as typical organochlorines pollutants. The HCHs in all the shellfish conformed to the first level of criterion (0.02 mg/kg) of the Marion Biology Quality (GB 18421-2001), and that of DDTs in most samples were beyond the first level (0.01 mg/kg) but conformed to the second level (0.10 mg/kg). On average, α-HCH and δ-HCH occupied the most part of HCHs, while O,P'-DDT and P,P'-DDT occupied the most part of DDTs. The concentrations of organocholorine pesticides in shellfish samples varied in site and in species. The highest level occurred at the Shengsi (SS), followed by Yangkougang (YKG), Lvsi (LS), Dongyuan (DY) and Beibayao (BBY), low concentrations were observed at Changsha (CS), Beidaodi (BDD), and Gouqi (GQ). The concentration of HCHs and DDTs in most sites decreased clearly from 2006 to 2007 except for YKG, DY, BDD, LYS, and SS. All of above results suggested that the study area was slightly affected by organochlorine pesticide, special by DDTs.  相似文献   

地下水中有机氯农药测量方法准确度的平衡均匀水平试验     

李松  饶竹  郑雅莉  郭晓辰 《岩矿测试》2012,31(2):342-349

采用5个浓度水平样品通过7家实验室进行协同评定试验,验证了地下水中六氯苯、α-HCH、β-HCH、γ-HCH、δ-HCH、p,p’-DDE、p,p’-DDD、o,p’-DDT、p,p’-DDT有机氯农药分析方法的稳定性与准确性。测量结果经一致性和离群值检验表明,地下水中9种有机氯农药组分在3.00～56.5 ng/L浓度水平范围内,重复性标准差为0.50～0.77 ng/L,再现性标准差为1.92～3.03 ng/L,单个样品中的2,4,5,6-四氯间二甲苯和二丁基氯菌酸酯替代物质量监控指标回收率分别为58.8%～99.5%和79.2%～117%。检测方法准确、可靠。  相似文献   

地下水中半挥发性有机污染物痕量分析的5个问题探讨   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

魏峰  陈海英  沈小明  吕爱娟 《岩矿测试》2012,31(6):1043-1049

针对地下水中有机氯农药、多氯联苯和多环芳烃等半挥发性有机污染物的痕量分析,从实验室分析测试人员的角度,探讨了提高定量分析准确度的三个问题:分级绘制标准曲线、注重标准溶液配制细节、避免假阳性与假阴性.从实验室管理人员的角度探讨了提高实验室竞争力的两个问题:提高服务质量和降低分析成本.本文对这几个重要但往往易被忽视的问题进行逐一分析,并探讨了分级绘制标准曲线的方法、配制标准溶液应考虑的要点、避免假阳性与假阴性的措施,以及提高服务质量和降低成本的因素.  相似文献   

以分析有机磷农药为例研究多反应气-负化学电离源质谱的行为     

桂建业  张莉  张永涛  左海英  李晓亚  田来生  赵国兴  邢晨曦 《岩矿测试》2012,31(5):863-867

在气相色谱-质谱分析中,负化学电离源质谱特别适合于高电负性目标物的分析,但不同反应气的对比研究工作至今未见报道。本研究采用甲烷、异丁烷、氨气、甲烷+氨气混合气、异丁烷+氨气混合气作为反应气,在负化学离子源内对电负性较高的有机磷农药进行电离实验,对反应气压力、离子源温度、灯丝发射电流等多项参数进行了考察。结果表明:采用纯氨气作为反应气,检测背景低,质谱真空负荷小,并可在负化学源质谱上获得最高的灵敏度。配合加速溶剂萃取方法,对土壤中的有机磷农药残留进行分析,方法全流程回收率为73.3%～108.1%,精密度为2.5%～8.8%,检出限为0.01～0.32μg/kg,各项指标均可满足实际样品测试需求。  相似文献   

沈阳郊区表层土壤有机氯农药残留特征及风险评价   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

崔 健王晓光  都基众杨 泽 岳明新 李 霄 马宏伟 《中国地质》2014,41(5):1705-1715

利用GC-ECD定量测定了沈阳郊区21个表层土壤样品中有机氯农药(OCPs)的含量,并对其残留特征、可能来源及生态风险进行了分析。结果表明,研究区表层土壤中OCPs的检出率达到95.2%,残留量最高值达到111.67 ng·g-1,平均值26.91 ng·g-1,其中以六六六(HCHs)和滴滴涕(DDTs)为主。与国内其他城市土壤中OCPs含量相比,沈阳郊区表层土壤HCHs和DDTs残留属于较低水平,但HCB残留属于较高水平。研究区OCPs的来源解析表明OCPs主要来自环境中的早期残留和近期林丹的使用,六氯苯(HCB)的来源还应包括工业生产。相关性分析说明土壤中总有机碳和水溶盐含量是影响OCPs残留的重要因素。生态风险评价显示表层土壤中DDTs类有机氯农药对该区生物可能仍存在生态风险。  相似文献   

地质调查样品中有机氯农药分析存在的困难和解决方法   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

宋淑玲  饶竹  赵威  李松 《岩矿测试》2010,29(3):271-276

9种有机氯农药(六氯苯、α-HCH、β-HCH、γ-HCH、δ-HCH、p,p′-DDE、p,p′-DDD、o,p′-DDT和p,p′-DDT)是国土资源地质大调查项目中水和土壤样品必测的有机污染物。有机氯农药自身结构和性质的特殊性以及地质调查样品的差异性,在采用气相色谱电子捕获检测器(GC-ECD)分析有机氯农药过程中仍然存在许多困难。文章结合大量地质调查样品中有机氯农药分析的实践经验,从溶剂与待测物响应值的关系、基质效应的表现、样品前处理以及仪器日常维护四个方面,介绍了针对不同样品和分析要求正确选择进样溶剂、判断和解决基质效应,并通过良好的仪器日常维护习惯确保地质调查样品中有机氯农药检测灵敏度达到要求。  相似文献